Английский язык в профессиональной деятельности.dor_БАК(1/2)_230915_Псх

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… was a German scientist who was the first person to be referred to as a psychologist. His famous book entitled Principles of Physiological Psychology was published in 1873
… was the first American psychologist who espoused a different perspective on how psychology should operate. James was introduced to Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection and accepted it as an explanation of an organism’s characteristics.
Perhaps one of the most influential and well-known figures in psychology’s history was …. He was an Austrian neurologist who was fascinated by patients suffering from “hysteria” and neurosis.
Match English terminology and its equivalents in Russian:
How can you organise information in the lecture? Match the beginnings and endings.
Before psychology became a recognized academic discipline, matters of the mind were undertaken by those in … .
Rogers believed that providing genuineness, empathy, and … in the therapeutic environment for his clients was critical to their being able to deal with their problems.
If someone wanted to become a psychology professor at a 4-year college, then s/he would probably need a … degree in psychology.
The following degrees would be the minimum required to teach psychology courses in high school.
One would need at least a(n) … degree to serve as a school psychologist.
An individual’s consistent pattern of thought and behavior is known as a(n) ….
Behaviorists studied objectively observable … partly in reaction to the psychologists of the mind who were studying things that were not directly observable.
An undergraduate … in psychology hones critical thinking skills. These skills are useful in many different work settings.
… might prove especially helpful using individuals who have rare conditions. For instance, if one wanted to study multiple personality disorder then this approach with individuals diagnosed with multiple personality disorder would be helpful.
Put the words in the right order to make a question:
Put the following sentences in the right order:
Read the question below and select one correct answer based on the information provided in the course: Question: Why do you think many people might be sceptical about psychology being a science?
The … approach to psychology focuses on the analysis of the internal mental mechanisms which, scientists claim, can only be accessed through observable behaviour. This view is largely supported by physiologists and behaviourists.
The … approach emphasizes the importance of individual experience as a means of understanding mental processes, and of the effect of social interaction on behaviour.
Psychologists focus their attention on understanding …, as well as the psychological (mental) and physical processes that underlie it.
Match English terminology and its equivalents in Russian:
The types of reasoning in the framework of hypothesis or general premise and empirical observations are called …:
In … reasoning, ideas are tested against the empirical world:
In … reasoning, empirical observations lead to new ideas:
… is most closely associated with the human approach to psychology.
… perspective argues that the nervous system, glands and hormones, and genetic factors influence our behaviour.
What name is given to the study of many individuals where an attempt is made to compare them with others?
Freud’s experiments in … gave rise to his “dream theory”.
These fields of psychology are most commonly practised in everyday life. (Select 2 correct answers);
Match the two parts of each term:
Match the two parts of each word:
Match the beginnings and the endings of each phrase:
Match the two parts of the phrases:
Read the text below and answer the question:
Amygdala is …
The cognitive approach became the most important school of psychology during …
Who first demonstrated semantic encoding?
Name one part of the brain which is responsible for memory: …
Match the sins of memory and examples:
… is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time
There are three types of encoding. The encoding of words and their meaning is known as … encoding.
Storage is the creation of a … record of information:
The model of human …, called Atkinson-Shiffrin:
Choose three types of encoding (not its processes) – Select 3 correct answers:
Put the words in the right order to make sentence:
In which order the topics are brought up in the lecture?
In which order are mentioned scientists in the lecture?
It probably required a lot of work and attention on your part in order to encode that information. This is known as ….
If someone asks you what you ate for lunch today, more than likely you could recall this information quite easily. This is known as …, or the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words.
Short-term memory takes information from … memory and sometimes connects that memory to something already in long-term memory.
… memory is a type of implicit memory: it stores information about how to do things.
Match the sins of memory and their types
Read the question below and select one correct answer: Question: What should we do to transfer information from STM into LTM?
An … is a subjective state of being that we often describe as our feelings.
… refers to a prolonged, less intense, affective state that does not occur in response to something we experience.
… created cognitive-mediational theory.
Match these terms with their Russian equivalents:
… is a type of communication in which physical behaviors, as opposed to words, are used to express or convey information.
We express … when we feel physically or psychologically threatened. This facial expression is often confused with surprise. But when we’re surprised, our eyes open wider, and our mouth isn’t pulled sideways.
You see these muscle movements—in the lips, around the eyes, and in the brow—when people are feeling aggressive, threatened, or frustrated. Researchers think we make this expression when we’re … because it could protect the face in a physical conflict—for example, the furrowed eyebrows could protect the eyes
When people are … they avert their gaze, which means they move their head down and to the side, exposing their neck.
Match the words to form complete phrases:
Match the words to form complete phrases and sentences:
Match the words to form complete phrases:
Match the terms with their definitions:
Put the topics in the order they were mentioned in the lecture:
Put the words in the right order to make a sentence:
Read the text below and answer the question. Every time, after chatting with friends Anna notices that her mood depends on the mood of her friends. Often her mood worsens automatically after chatting with people. Question: How can you explain this?
… intelligence is closely aligned with academic problem solving and computations.
In order for a test to be normed and standardized it must be tested on ….
… developed the IQ test most widely used today.
Fluid intelligence is characterized by ….
… put forth the triarchic theory of intelligence.
IQ stands for … and describes a score earned on a test designed to measure intelligence.
… means that the manner of administration, scoring, and interpretation of results is consistent.
… describe how data are dispersed in a population and give context to large data sets.
… encompasses the ability to understand the emotions of yourself and others, show empathy, understand social relationships and cues, and regulate your own emotions and respond in culturally appropriate ways.
People with high emotional intelligence typically have well-developed …
Put the words in order to make a sentence:
Order the names of scientists that were mentioned in the lecture:
Put these items in the order they were mentioned in the lecture:
Match intelligence types and their characteristics:
Match intelligence types and representative careers:
Match the terms and their definitions:
Read the text below and answer the question: Brian is a very smart boy, however, he doesn’t excel at school work. He frequently retakes exams, argues with his teachers, barely manages to keep up with his group mates academically. Outside of school, though, he is a star. Everyone knows that if they need help with something, they can go to Brian and he can figure out a way to resolve their situation. Question: How would you characterize Brian?
The inventors of The NEO Personality Inventory are …
Creative individuals are remarkable for their ability to … (Select 2 correct answers):
The studies of creative people suggest the following number of components of creativity:
Choose three right antithetical traits often present in creative people (Select 3 correct answers):
This scientist has spent his career looking at the structure and specific aspects of RNA molecules and how their interactions could help produce antibiotics and ward off diseases:
Ochse’s theory was developed in …
Match the words to complete phrases:
Match the tests and their descriptions:
Match the components of creativity and their definitions:
Put the words in order to make the sentence:
Put the names of scientists in the order they were mentioned in the lecture:
Make the plan of the currently lecture putting these topics in the order they were mentioned:
Creativity is often assessed as a function of one’s ability to engage in … thinking.
In contrast, … thinking describes the ability to provide a correct or well-established answer or solution to a problem.
Read the text below and answer the question: Lily always needs some facts to solve a problem and doesn’t like to make things up. But her friend Ann often leans on her imagination. Question: Which of the girls has critical thinking and which has creative thinking?
… processing, done in the inferior temporal lobe, near the bottom of the brain, deals with shape, depth, color, intensity, and object recognition.
… processing, done in the posterior parietal lobe, near the top of the brain, deals with orientation, size, and where things are in space — either objects in space, or where the parts of a single object are in relation to each other.
“Top-down processes” stands for …
The concept of mental imagery was developed …
This type of processing deals with shape, depth, colour and object recognition:
Mental imagery is a(n) …
Just about all psychologists believe that all of our long-term memories of things are…
The types of imagination are … (select 3 correct answers):
… is a brain-scanning method that scientists use to “decode” activity in the visual cortex to know what a person was looking at in terms of line orientation, position, and even what the object was.
Active imagination was developed by …
… imagination is what we normally consider to be creativity with a large C – composing an opera or discovering something groundbreaking. This is different from everyday creativity, such as coming up with imaginative solutions to household problems or making crafts.
Match the terms with their definitions:
Match terms and their definitions:
Match the English terminology with its equivalents in Russian:
When we imagine something visually, it shows up in the visual …
Put the words in the right order to make a sentence:
Put the words in the right order to make a sentence:
Put the words in the right order to make a sentence:
Even this early in the … system, retinal neurons are processing some of the information, turning it into something useful for the later neurons.
Imagination is (typically) a … act.
Read the text and answer the question below: Rudy decided to write a story, using some images that had been in his head his whole life. One day he was rewatching his favorite film and spotted familiar images and realized where those images came from and what they meant. Question: What process was at work here?
The … approach in psychology seeks general principles and patterns applicable to groups.
The … approach focuses on understanding individuals in their unique context.
… thinking is a thought process or method used to generate creative ideas by exploring many possible solutions.
An example of a ‘love and belonging’ level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is …
… called them the id, ego, and superego.
Match English terminology and its equivalents in Russian:
Match the following personality theories with each psychologist:
… refers to the long-standing traits and patterns that propel individuals to consistently think, feel, and behave in specific ways.
The term “idiographic” comes from the Greek word “idios” meaning “own” or “private.” Psychologists interested in this aspect of … want to discover what makes each of us unique.
Make the plan of the lecture putting the main points in the right order:
Put the names of scientists in the order they were mentioned in the lecture:
Personality is thought to be …. Personality is thought to be ….
Physiological needs are …
Safety needs are …
Match the words to create phrases:
Match the theories with their descriptions:
Match the components of Freud’s theory with the corresponding phrases:
Read the text below and answer the question: Steve didn’t learn the material during the school year. Now he is sure that on the last night he will be able to learn everything. Question: What do you think?
… (1832–1920) was a German scientist who was the first person to be referred to as a psychologist
… is a process by which someone examines their own conscious experience as objectively as possible, making the human mind like any other aspect of nature that a scientist observed.
Wundt established his psychology laboratory at the University at … in 1879.
As James saw it, psychology’s purpose was to study the function of behavior in the world, and as such, his perspective was known as ….
… was an ancient diagnosis for disorders, primarily of women with a wide variety of symptoms, including physical symptoms and emotional disturbances, none of which had an apparent physical cause.
The unconscious mind could be accessed through dream analysis, by examinations of the first words that came to people’s minds, and through seemingly innocent … of the tongue.
… psychologists use scientific methods to create new knowledge about the causes of behavior, whereas psychologist …, such as clinical, counseling, industrial-organizational, and school psychologists, use existing research to enhance the everyday life of others.
Match the perspective and its description:
Put the phrases in the correct order to form a sentence:
A(n) … is a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time.
A(n) … method for acquiring knowledge is one based on observation, including experimentation, rather than a method based only on forms of logical argument or previous authorities.
Put the stages of scientific research in the correct order:
Put the phrases in the correct order to form a sentence:
The word “psychology” comes from the Greek words “psyche,” meaning …, and “logos,” meaning explanation.
Put the phrases in the correct order to form a sentence:
Psychology is a relatively young science with its experimental roots in the … century, compared, for example, to human physiology, which dates much earlier.
These two scientists are considered to be the founders of psychology (Select 2 correct answers):
Since the mid-19th century, two contrasting … to understanding the mind and behaviour have been a topic of discussion: the scientific and the introspective.
The … approach to psychology focuses on the analysis of the internal mental mechanisms which, scientists claim, can only be accessed through observable behaviour. This view is largely supported by physiologists and behaviourists.
The process approach is founded on the studies made by these two scientists (Select 2 correct answers):
The principles of … are: complete scientific objectivity; the predictability and controllability of behaviour; and similarities between human and animal behaviour.
The … approach emphasizes the importance of individual experience as a means of understanding mental processes, and of the effect of social interaction on behaviour. This approach is supported by the psychodynamic, humanist and social-constructivist theories.
Put the phrases in the correct order to form a sentence:
According to the humanist, Carl Rogers, … is at the centre of our human experience and each individual’s unique interpretation of reality is valid.
… is a critical tool for successfully navigating our complex world. Without it, we would be forced to rely solely on intuition, other people’s authority, and blind luck.
In … reasoning, ideas are tested against the empirical world.
A … reasoning argument might go something like this: All living things require energy to survive (this would be your hypothesis). Ducks are living things. Therefore, ducks require energy to survive (logical conclusion).
Inductive reasoning uses empirical observations to construct broad ….
A(n) … is a well-developed set of ideas that propose an explanation for observed phenomena. They are repeatedly checked against the world, but they tend to be too complex to be tested all at once; instead, researchers create hypotheses to test its specific aspects.
A … is a testable prediction about how the world will behave if our idea is correct, and it is often worded as an if-then statement (e.g., if I study all night, I will get a passing grade on the test).
A scientific hypothesis is also …, or capable of being shown to be incorrect.
Match the antonyms:
Descartes believed in the principle of …: that the mind is fundamentally different from the mechanical body.
… refers to the extent to which having a given characteristic helps the individual organism survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other members of the species who do not have the characteristic.
The field of … psychology is the study of how the social situations and the cultures in which people find themselves influence thinking and behaviour.
The cognitive approach became the most important school of psychology during the …
In …, information can be accessed only if one knows the exact location of the memory. In the …, information can be accessed through spreading activation from closely related concepts.
In the brain, …, which operate using an electrochemical process, are much slower but also vastly more complex and useful than the transistors used by computers.
Order these three stages of memory:
Encoding information occurs through automatic and … processing.
Craik and Tulving concluded that we process verbal information best through … encoding, especially if we apply what is called the self-reference effect.
Storage is the creation of a … record of information.
In order for a memory to go into storage, it has to pass through three distinct stages. Put these three stages into consecutive order:
… is a temporary storage system that processes incoming sensory memory; sometimes it is called working memory.
… is the conscious repetition of information to be remembered.
Long-term memory (LTM) is the continuous storage of information. Unlike short-term memory, the storage capacity of LTM has … limits.
… memory is also called non-declarative memory.
… memory is a type of implicit memory: it stores information about how to do things. It is the memory for skilled actions, such as how to brush your teeth, how to drive a car, how to swim the crawl (freestyle) stroke.
Explicit memory has two parts: (Select two correct answers):
Episodic memories are also called autobiographical memories. The concept of episodic memory was first proposed by … in 1972.
The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as ….
… is the group of neurons that serve as the “physical representation of memory”
The part of the brain NOT involved with memory is the …
It is also believed that … emotions trigger the formation of strong memories
Match a sin of memory with its example:
An … is a subjective state of being that we often describe as our feelings.
… refers to a prolonged, less intense, affective state that does not occur in response to something we experience.
Our emotional states are combinations of physiological arousal, psychological appraisal, and subjective experiences. Together, these are known as the … of emotion.
The … theory of emotion asserts that emotions arise from physiological arousal. Recall what you have learned about the sympathetic nervous system and our fight or flight response when threatened.
According to the … theory of emotion, physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously, yet independently. So, when you see the venomous snake, you feel fear at exactly the same time that your body mounts its fight or flight response.
The … theory of emotion is another variation on theories of emotions that takes into account both physiological arousal and the emotional experience. According to this theory, emotions are composed of two factors: physiological and cognitive.
Put the phrases in the correct order to make a sentence:
Match the theory of emotion with its model:
A …, or lie detector test, measures the physiological arousal of an individual responding to a series of questions.
… developed the cognitive-mediational theory that asserts that our emotions are determined by our appraisal of the stimulus.
The … system is the area of the brain involved in emotion and memory. The system includes the hypothalamus, thalamus, amygdala, and the hippocampus.
Individuals suffering from … show marked reductions in the volume of several parts of the hippocampus, which may result from decreased levels of neurogenesis and dendritic branching.
… emotions theory provides a conceptual framework for the role of emotions in affective disorders.
Put the phrases in order to form a sentence:
… is NOT a universal emotion.
The facial-feedback theory of emotions suggests that … expressions are connected to experiencing emotions.
Emotions are directly tied to changes in facial muscles. For example, people who are forced to … pleasantly at a social function will have a better time at the event than they would if they had frowned or carried a more neutral facial expression.
Read the text below and answer the question: A subject, sometimes in a room isolated from the scientist, would receive a stimulus such as a light, image, or sound. The subject’s reaction to the stimulus would be to push a button, and an apparatus would record the time to reaction. The experimenters could measure reaction time to one-thousandth of a second. They also interviewed the subject about their feelings and reactions. However, despite their efforts to train individuals, this process remained highly subjective, and there was very little agreement between individuals. Question: What is the name of this approach to psychology?
Read the text below and answer the question: There is an approach to psychology that focuses on unconscious drives and the potential to improve lives through psychoanalysis and psychotherapy. It implies that there’s a lot of information in the person’s subconsciousness that needs to be addressed for the individual to function in a healthy way. Question: What approach is meant here?
Read the text below and answer the question: Your colleague is a therapist who provides talking therapy services. During his sessions he helps his clients manage their problems by changing the way they think about them and the way they behave. Question: What approach to therapy is described above?
Read the text below and answer the question: Scientific knowledge is …. It is grounded in objective, tangible evidence that can be observed time and time again, regardless of who is observing. Question: What word is missing in this description?
Read the text below and answer the question: There was a huge end-of-the-year party right before the end of the semester. Everyone attended. Later, during the summer, most of your group also attended a summer school for amateur psychologists. Now when you’re all back from vacation, it seems as if your memories of the party are different. You talked to some people and realized that those who attended the summer school have similar memories, whereas those who didn’t – have different ones. Question: How do you explain this phenomenon?
Read the text below and answer the question: First, environmental stimuli enter our sensory memory for a period of less than a second to a few seconds. Those stimuli that we notice and pay attention to then move into short-term memory (also called working memory). After that, we rehearse this information, and then it moves into long-term memory for permanent storage. Long-term memory has limited storage capacity and needs to be refreshed regularly. Question: What is wrong in this description of the memory function?
Read the text below and answer the question: You and your friend John were walking in the park chatting about upcoming exams. Suddenly, there’s a loud noise and a group of small children passes by, running and laughing. You were a little bit surprised but quickly came to your senses, however, John was breathing heavily and looked terribly scared. He later texted and said that he couldn’t shake this fear off for the rest of the day. He also mentioned that it was a learnt adaptive reaction from his childhood. Question: What does John mean?
Read the text and answer the question: There is a guy, Brian, in your class that always seems to know what your professor is going to say next. He knows what mood the professor’s in before he even starts speaking and based on this he can even predict if you are going to have an unexpected quiz or not. Question: Why do you think that happens?
The … is a complex organ that controls thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, breathing, temperature, hunger and every process that regulates our body. Together, this organ and the spinal cord that extends from it make up the central nervous system, or CNS.
Human … is the potential and expressed capacity (mentally, physically, and socially) of human individuals or groups to respond to internal and external stimuli throughout their life. It is driven by genetic and environmental factors that affect an individual.
The body’s biological clock is located in the ….
… is one way in which people can reset their biological clocks.
The … content of a dream refers to the true meaning of the dream.
… is not a dimension of job burnout:
The white blood cells that attack foreign invaders to the body are called ….
Studies of British civil servants have found that those in the lowest status jobs are much more likely to develop heart disease than those who have high status jobs. These findings attest to the importance of … in dealing with stress.
» … affect» refers to one’s propensity to experience positive emotions and interact with others and with life’s challenges in a positive way.
Parental and … conflicts have been tied to the development of asthma.
The risk of heart disease is especially high among individuals with … .
… is conceptualized as an enduring state of mind that consists of the capacity to experience pleasure in daily life, as well as the ability to engage one’s skills and talents to enrich one’s life and the lives of others.
In recent years, … psychology has emerged as an area of study seeking to identify and promote qualities that lead to greater happiness and fulfillment in our lives. These components include positive affect, optimism, and flow.
Match the terms with their characteristics:
Match the beginning of phrases with their end:
Put the words in the right order to make a sentence:
Put the words in the right order to make a sentence:
Match the terms with their definition:
… is the process that allows our brains to take in information via our five senses, which can then be experienced and interpreted by the brain. This process occurs thanks to our five sensory systems: vision, hearing, taste, smell and touch.
… refers to the way sensory information is organized, interpreted, and consciously experienced. It involves both bottom-up and top-down processing.
An individual’s consistent pattern of thought and behavior is known as a(n) … .
… is most well-known for proposing the concept called the hierarchy of needs.
‘Psyche’ is a Greek word meaning … .
Before psychology became a recognized academic discipline, matters of the mind were undertaken by those in ….
An approach to psychology focusing on the body, especially on the brain and nervous system is called … .
An approach to psychology emphasizing a person’s positive qualities, the capacity of positive growth, and the freedom to choose any destiny is called … .
Match the terms with their descriptions:
Match the parts of the sentences:
Match the beginnings and the endings of the words:
Put the words in the right order to make a sentence.
Match linking words and phrases with their use cases:
The major psychology approaches are the following … (Select 3 correct answers):
… research focuses on statistical analysis and aims to find information that can be generalised to the greater population.
Put the words in order to make a sentence:
… is another name for short-term memory.
The three functions of memory are ….
This physical trace of memory is known as the ….
An exceptionally clear recollection of an important event is called ….
… is when our recollections of the past are done in a self-enhancing manner.
Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon is also known as ….
According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, the three stages of memory are … memory, short-term memory, long-term memory.
Match the terms and their definitions:
Match English terms with their meaning in Russian:
Match the stages of memory and their descriptions:
Put words in the right order to make a sentence:
Put words below in the right order to make a sentence:
Put these topics in the order they were discussed in the lecture:
Fergus Craik and Endel Tulving conducted a series of experiments to find out which of the three types of encoding would give the best memory of … information.
… memory is a type of implicit memory: it stores information about how to do things.
Explicit (declarative) memory has two parts: semantic memory and … memory.
He was searching for evidence of the … : the group of neurons that serve as the “physical representation of memory”.
There also appear to be specific … involved with the process of memory, such as epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, and acetylcholine.
Need for … refers to maintaining positive relationships with others.
… proposed the hierarchy of needs.
… is characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by attempts to compensate for the excessive amount of food that was consumed.
According to your reading, nearly … of the adult population in the United States can be classified as obese.
The following is usually stated about psychologists involved in personality assessment (Select 3 correct answers):
… is when you look down on somebody derisively or suspiciously. What’s important about the expression is that the lips tighten on one side of the face but not the other.
… involves the raising of the upper lip, and the bridge of the nose wrinkles. We express it about things that make us sick, not those about which we’re derisive or suspicious.
… is also sometimes called Emotional Stability.
A high level of … may be useful for jobs that require a great deal of interaction with other people, like public relations, teaching, and sales.
Each of the … is made up of six facets or sub traits. These can be assessed independently of the trait that they belong to in a personality test.
Match the terms with their descriptions:
These statements (“I take control of situations”, “I try to be in charge – to lead others”, “High score: energetic, assertive, cheerful, outgoing, sociable”) describe the following sub-trait:
Choose the right emotional personality types. Select 3 correct answers:
… bias involves becoming fixated on a single trait of a problem:
The following is NOT one of Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences:
When you are examining data to look for trends, the type of intelligence you are using most is:
The DSM-5 now uses … as a diagnostic label for what was once referred to as mental retardation:
Arthur Jensen believed that …:
Match English terminology and its equivalents in Russian:
Match the terms with their equivalents in Russian:
Put these topics in the order they appeared in the lecture:
Put the words in the right order to make a sentence:
Put the following sentences in the right order:
Robert Sternberg developed another theory of intelligence, which he titled the … theory of intelligence because it sees intelligence as comprising three parts: practical, creative, and analytical intelligence.
When you visit such a culture, how well you relate to the values of that culture exemplifies your … intelligence.
Multiple Intelligences Theory was developed by …, a Harvard psychologist and former student of Erik Erikson.
… intelligence is characterized as acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it.
… intelligence encompasses the ability to see complex relationships and solve problems. Navigating your way home after being detoured onto an unfamiliar route because of road construction would draw upon your fluid intelligence.
A self-report checklist of CA2 consists of …
JIFT is a self-report for …
The inventor of The NEO Personality Inventory is …
Choose two wrong antithetical traits often present in creative people:
Select components that are important for creativity (select 2 correct answers):
In everyday life, generating creative ideas is a sign of creative performance and …’s purpose is to measure this idea generation. Ideation involves idea generation and attribution of value to it; thus, it can be an adequate creativity criterion.
Match the terms with their definitions:
Match the components of creativity and their definitions:
… is the production of unusual and good responses to problems.
Put these topics in the order they were mentioned in the lecture:
Put the words in the right order to make a sentence:
Put the main traits of creative people in the order they were mentioned in the lecture:
Creativity is often assessed as a function of one’s ability to engage in … thinking.
In contrast, … thinking describes the ability to provide a correct or well-established answer or solution to a problem.
It seems that their energy is internally generated, due more to their focused minds than to the superiority of their …
Neurons absorb … (select 2 correct answers):
When we image something visually, it shows up on the …
“V1” is …
The psychologist who developed active imagination is …
Match English terminology and its equivalents in Russian:
Match these terms with their Russians equivalents:
… represents information in one brain state after another, and the further along it goes, the less the pattern resembles the original picture on the retina. It gets more and more abstract. Broadly speaking, from V1, the information takes two paths — one for visual processing and the other for spatial.
Put the words in the right order to make a sentence:
One of the first places image information goes is called visual … one that is located in the back of the brain.
Even this early in the vision system, retinal … are processing some of the information, turning it into something useful for the later neurons.
Imagination is (typically) a … act.
The concept of mental imagery was first consistently used in the then very new discipline of empirical psychology at the end of the 19th century. At that time, psychologists like Wilhelm … thought of mental imagery as a mental phenomenon characterized by its phenomenology – a quasi-perceptual episode with a certain specific phenomenal feel.
There are also … processes. It’s easier to see what you expect to see, and the mind is constantly guessing at what will come next, and priming early visual areas to make seeing those things easier to do.
… processing deals with orientation, size, and where things are in space.
In the brain, the visual cortex processes visual information and passes it from lower to higher areas of the brain which is also called … .
Put the sentences in the right order:
Put the words in the right order to make a sentence:
Match terms and their definitions:
Personality is thought to be ….
The long-standing traits and patterns that propel individuals to consistently think, feel, and behave in specific ways are known as ….
… is credited with the first comprehensive theory of personality.
An early science that tried to correlate personality with measurements of parts of a person’s skull is known as ….
The inventors of The NEO Personality Inventory are …
Creative individuals are remarkable for their ability to … (Select 2 answers):
The nomothetic approach involves establishing … or generalizations that apply to everyone.
The nomothetic approach typically uses scientific methods such as … and observations to obtain quantitative data. Group averages are statistically analyzed to create predictions about people in general.
From a nomothetic point of view, these are considered to describe the psychologically … of any personality adequately.
… was the first to systematically study and theorize the workings of the unconscious mind in the manner that we associate with modern psychology.
According to Freud, our personality develops from a(n)… between two forces: our biological aggressive and pleasure-seeking drives versus our internal (socialized) control over these drives.
Match the terms with their definitions:
Match English terminology with its equivalents in Russian:
Match the terms and their definitions:
Match the terms and their descriptions:
Match English sentences and their Russian equivalents:
Put these words in order to make a sentence:
Read the text below and answer the question: The mental status exam is a clinical assessment tool used to evaluate a person’s cognitive and emotional functioning. It typically focuses on areas such as mood and affect, attention and concentration, appearance, and other mental processes. Question: Based on this information, which of the following areas would the mental status exam be unlikely to cover?
Read the text below and answer the question: Sarah wants to be a psychologist. Her parents are against Sarah’s decision. They want Sarah to study medicine. Sarah is upset and doesn’t know what to do. Question: What should Sarah do?
Read the question below and select one correct answer: Question: How did the object of study in psychology change over the history of the field since the 19th century?
Read the question below and select one correct answer: Question: Why do people react differently in similar situations?
Read the text below and answer the question: You and your roommate spent all of last night studying for your psychology test. You think you know the material; however, you suggest that you study again the next morning an hour prior to the test. Your roommate asks you to explain why you think this is a good idea. Question: What do you tell her?
Read the text below and answer the question: Jurors place a lot of weight on eyewitness testimony. Imagine you are an attorney representing a defendant who is accused of robbing a convenience store. Several eyewitnesses have been called to testify against your client. Question: What would you tell the jurors about the reliability of eyewitness testimony?
Read the description below and answer the question: This person is extremely bright, often relying more on facts than feelings. They prefer to think in a more logical and analytical way. Question: What is this person’s emotional type?
Read the text below and answer the question: Suppose you are walking in the woods, and you see a grizzly bear. You begin to tremble, and your heart begins to race. The James-Lange theory proposes that you will interpret your physical reactions and conclude that you are frightened. Question: What is your interpretation, according to the theory?
Read the text below and answer the question: Ruby is a clever girl, but she has trouble building relationships with other people. Sometimes she hurts others’ feelings and doesn’t understand why they are getting offended. Last month her friend’s (Thomas) uncle died and Ruby didn’t support Thomas and told him he hadn’t even loved his uncle and always talked nasty about him. They quarreled and Ruby didn’t understand why, after all she just had stated facts. Question: What is Ruby’s key obstacle to making new friends and maintaining relationships with existing ones?
Read the text below and answer the question: John has problems at school: he can’t analyze books, lectures or films, however, he absorbs all the information and has a magnificent memory. But when he should conduct experiments or make a conclusion about “pitfalls” of different works or motives of other people he gets puzzled. Question: What should John work on developing?
Read the question below and select one correct answer: Question: What is the essence of Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking?
Read the question below and select one correct answer: How do we cultivate creative thinking?
Read the text below and answer the question: David’s brain was damaged after a car crash. Now David often needs help to reach objects and can’t define how far they are from him, so his wife helps him to get things he wants. Question: What brain area was damaged in the car crash?
Read the text and answer the question below: Tina loves listening to music, because music inspires her to create new stories through images that she sees in her head at that time. Question: How would you describe the process that is happening to Tina?
Read the text below and answer the question: You are a practicing psychologist who prefers to focus on the individual and emphasize the unique personal experience of human nature. You understand the need for general laws but it’s not something that you pursue in your practice. Question: What is the name of your approach?
Read the text and answer the question: John is in the seventh grade at school. His parents motivate him with money and gifts. For every good mark John gets money. Question: How can you explain this situation?
Оцените свою удовлетворенность качеством видеолекций данной дисциплины по шкале от 1 до 10, где 1 — полностью не удовлетворен(а), а 10 — полностью удовлетворен(а).
Насколько понятным для вас языком написаны конспекты и другие текстовые материалы?
На сколько материалы курса актуальны и применимы в вашей учебе или работе?
Оцените, насколько для Вас интересны материалы курса по шкале от 1 до 10, где 1 — совсем неинтересно, а 10 — я полностью погружаюсь в изучение материалов и чувствую сильную мотивацию к обучению.
Какова ваша общая удовлетворенность контентом курса?
Что бы вы предложили улучшить в контенте курса? (Выберите один или несколько вариантов ответа)
Насколько, по вашему мнению, тестирования соответствуют изученным материалам курса?