Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции.dor_БАК_231207

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Mercantile Law is …
The oldest known evidence of a law code is the …
Hammurabi’s Code contains …
The … considered the Twelve Tables, the first codification of Roman law, to be among their greatest achievements
It is not correct that … are a capacity
Civil claims are dealt with by … law
The elements to ensure legal capacities and liabilities include …
… secure guiding liberties and rights from the unreasonable intrusions by persons, organizations, or government
The Courts are to …
The system of rules which regulates society is …
A system of law that prescribes conduct perceived as threatening, harmful, or otherwise endangering to the property, health, safety, and moral welfare of people inclusive of one’s self is … law
A system of law that represents rights and obligations in the sphere of business transactions is … law
The idea of written laws goes back to ancient … culture that prospered long before the Bible was written or the civilizations of the Greeks or Romans flowered
Another important function of … is the protection of the legitimate interests of citizens
The … of law comprises a number of principles of a formal and procedural character, addressing the way in which a community is governed
Mercantile law was created in … to deal with interactions between merchants, and continues to change over time due to legislative changes, case law, and long-term trends in usage
The … of the State Council fulfil their responsibilities independently.
The very first legislation known to history which affirmed the legal personhood of women is called the … of Hammurabi
Correlate the branch of law with regulated legal relationship:
Arrange the sources of law according to their importance (start with the most important one):
There are various fields of law. The types of law students choose to pursue often determine the firms they can apply to once they graduate. Here’s a case that can be attributed to one field of law: a golf player known for his speed and elusiveness murdered his wife. Is it public law or private law? What is the area of law? Who will initiate the case?
… values are the highest values in a person’s value system
… values are the values that are often used
Basic and fundamental beliefs that guide or motivate attitudes or actions are …
It is not correct that … belong to instrumental values
A synonym for light-hearted and joyful is …
… is defined as freedom from inner conflict
… are supposed to be reflected in law as law should be based on what society sees as acceptable, fair, just
… values are the goals that a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime
Milton Rokeach defines values as enduring beliefs that … are preferred
As a member of a profession dedicated to the service of clients, a … should be committed to the values
The principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behaviour are …
Some scholars don’t distinguish between morals and …
A set of principles established by the founders of the organization to communicate its underlying moral values are called … standards
Values are practical based on the previous …, usually of several generations
Values are frequently regarded as “enduring …” that are stable and reflect the way the decisions are made.
Both terminal and … values affect people’s personal as well as professional lives alike
The ethical norms, values, and principles that guide a profession and the ethics of decisions made within the profession are called … ethics
A comprehensive legal term that describes the condition of being actually or potentially subject to a legal obligation is …
Match the given expressions with the definitions:
Arrange the needs according to Dr. Abraham Maslow starting from the basic ones:
Adultery is a voluntary sexual intercourse between a married person and someone other than that person’s current spouse or partner. The Code of Hammurabi in Babylonia provided a punishment of death by drowning for adultery. In ancient Greece and in Roman law, an offending female spouse could be killed, but men were not severely punished. Study the following case: “The husband alleged that he saw his wife talking with another person on three occasions”. What’s the difference between “ethical” and “legal”? Does the case deal with Russian/English criminal law?
… is the practice of safeguarding buyers of goods and services, and the public, against unfair practices in the marketplace
Consumer protection ensures that … make well-informed decisions about their choices and have access to effective redress mechanisms
Product … in Russia is regulated by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (the Civil Code) and the Law “On Consumer Protection” dated 7 February 1992 (the Consumer Protection Law)
The … Code and the Consumer Protection Law contain a number of provisions by which manufacturers may incur liability for loss or damage suffered by the consumers of their products, regardless of whether or not a direct contractual relationship exists
Russia belongs to …
It is not correct that legal doctrine is also recognized as a … of law
The basic feature of the Russian legislation regulating product liability is …
The product can be recalled from the market and from consumers by …
Products must be recalled when …
The … is an individual who has the intention of ordering or acquiring goods (works, services) or who orders, acquires or uses them exclusively for personal, family, household and other needs not relating to the pursuance of entrepreneurial activities
The … is an organization regardless of its organisational and legal form and also an individual entrepreneur who performs works or renders services to consumers under a cost contract
The … is an organization, regardless of its organisational and legal form, and also an individual entrepreneur who perform works or render services to the consumers on the chargeable agreement
The … is an organization, regardless of its organisational and legal form, and also an individual entrepreneur who sells goods to consumers under a sale contract
If an individual does not meet the required definition (e.g., an individual entrepreneur, who buys goods in the course of his business), he is not subject to the Consumer … Law
If a product fails to comply with its description or the regulations regarding production or labelling, it is considered to be ‘…’ for the purposes of this provision, thus subjecting the defendant to liability
A claim for damage caused to health, life or property may be brought against a … (either seller or executor) at the consumer’s discretion
The manufacturer (but not the seller) must compensate the … against losses suffered as a result of the product’s recall
Product liability in Russia is regulated by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (the Civil Code) and the Law ‘On Consumer Protection’ dated 7 February … (the Consumer Protection Law)
Establish the sequence of actions to make a return request:
Match the words with their synonyms:
You are a lawyer. Your client is Tatyana who bought boots in the shop 35 days ago. Yesterday she found out that her boots had a hole. She wants to have her money back as she states that it was a defective product. Can she return goods after 14 days of the purchase? Does she need to have a receipt? Who should pay for the expertise?
The “cooling off” period available to consumers who change their minds about goods they’ve bought from a retailer in Russia takes …
Historically, under the common law doctrine of caveat emptor, … had very little protection from misleading sales, requiring consumers to inspect all transactions themselves
The rights and responsibilities of consumers, legal provisions and mechanism for settlement of consumer grievances are called … protection
Consumer protection laws safeguard … of goods and services against defective products and deceptive, fraudulent business practices
The agency responsible for inspecting complaints of scams and fraud against businesses is …
Consumer protection laws and actions had a rapid growth in the …
Reading … reviews can tell you more about a company or product
If you buy something online and it is … or not as advertised or not fit for purpose you will have exactly the same rights as if you bought it in a shop.
The earliest Consumer Protection law was …
The … and anti-monopoly laws passed both at the close of the 19th century, as well as the early years of the 20th century disallowed for the commercial monopolization of the commercial market for the first time in conjunction with recorded and mandated legislature within the United States
Consumer Protection within the computer age prevents from the defrauding of consumers engaging within the … marketplace upon regulating the methods and activities of electronic commerce and transactions
Consumer Protection Laws specific to … commerce provides the regulation and oversight of the integrity of products and services offered within a virtual marketplace
The Regulation on Consumer Protection Cooperation (CPC) is applicable in the … Economic Area
The aim of the … is to share information about cross-border commercial activities that may affect consumer interests, and to encourage international cooperation among law enforcement agencies
The Federal Trade Commission’s mission is to protect consumers and promote …
The Federal Trade … works with foreign competition and consumer protection authority, and cooperates with foreign authorities on enforcement and policy matters through formal and informal agreements
The Product Liability … of 1985 was the first consumer protection measure
Consumers face high cost and time barriers to taking action against a business, resulting in low usage of consumer …
Arrange the following consumer acts chronologically:
Match the words with the synonyms:
Antique shop owner Mary uses a courier service to ship a set of china to John. The china set gets broken during delivery. You are a lawyer. Advise Mary as to her liability. Who will be responsible for fixing the problem?
… is Statute Law
Precedent is basically …
Religion and language are two examples of … conditions that influence international business
The common law legal system is one which revolves around the principle of … which means ‘let the decision stand’
The rule of … is the political philosophy that all citizens and institutions within a country, state, or community are accountable to
… of law are the materials and processes out of which law is developed
The concept of crime is considered in … law
It is not correct that laws can come from such sources as …
Law is made up of formulated legislation, including constitutions, statutes, treaties, … and codes; rules of law announced by the courts in deciding cases
…, statutes, case law and regulations are issued by government institutions
What is important to note is that the four major legal systems of the world today consist of civil law, common law, … law and religious law
The term “law” denotes the body of rules and regulations that is the product of the … process
The … law theory argues that some rules objectively existing in the nature also are source of law, while legal positivism argues that only the rules made by sovereignty can be the source of law
… law is based on precedents, that is the judicial decisions from previous cases, rather than law based on constitutions, statutes, or regulations
The process or product of enrolling, enacting, or promulgating law by a legislature, parliament, or analogous governing body is called …
The established pattern of behavior that can be objectively verified within a particular social setting is called …
The body of law created by judges and similar quasi-judicial tribunals by virtue of being stated in written opinions is … law
The branch of government that has the power to enforce laws in the country is the …
Match the given countries to the corresponding law systems:
Arrange the following legal acts chronologically:
Sources of law are the origins of laws, the binding rules that enable any state to govern its territory. The term «source of law» may sometimes refer to the sovereign or to the seat of power from which the law derives its validity. Do sources of law vary in legal systems? What is the hierarchy of the sources of law? What are the categories of these sources? Choose the correct answer.
The belief that all human beings possess rights and freedoms, simply because they are human, was spread …
The roots of rights and freedoms lie …
The Great Charter was so important because it laid out the principle that everybody, …, was subject to the law
The first English Bill of Rights was established in …
The first English Bill of Rights contained such rights as … (choose 2 correct answers)
The United States Constitution of 1791 contained a … that remains in effect today
Efforts in the 19th century to prohibit the … and to limit the horrors of war are prime examples to establish human rights
The role of the International Labor Organization was to …
For the first time in history, the issue of the protection of the minorities was raised by …
The Universal … of Human Rights is the most universal human rights document in existence, delineating the thirty fundamental rights that form the basis for a democratic society
The Charter of the United Nations established six principal bodies, including the General …, the Security Council, the International Court of Justice, and in relation to human rights, an Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
The idea of human rights emerged stronger after the … World War
On October 24, 1945, in the aftermath of World War II, the … came into being as an intergovernmental organization, with the purpose of saving future generations from the devastation of international conflict
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was formally adopted by the … on December 10, 1948
According to the Guinness Book of World Records, the Universal Declaration of … is the most translated document in the world
The basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person in the world, from birth until death are called … rights
Rules of law that aspire to protect all people everywhere from severe political, legal, and social abuses are called human …
The UN Commission on Human Rights proceeded a treaty – the International … on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) including its optional protocol
Match the following acts with their purposes:
Arrange the documents chronologically:
Stacy and several Black friends went to a café after school. They were having their lunch and laughing. Things started to change for the worse between their group and several White students sitting at another table. Food was thrown and the groups exchanged angry remarks. When the restaurant staff asked Stacy and her friends to leave the café, they felt angry and discriminated against. Did the café staff violate the group’s human rights? Advise the café staff
The Constitution is …
The following types of constitutions are distinguished: …
States that have a written … may also have a body of traditional or customary practices that may or may not be considered to be of constitutional standing
… regarded the mixed constitution as the best arrangement of offices in the polis
Aristotle called people …
Roman law generally recognized …
The Stoics argued, all humans are endowed by nature with a spark of … by means of which they can perceive a universal natural law that governs all the world and can bring their behaviour into harmony with it
Roman law added to Aristotelian notions of constitutionalism … (choose 2 correct answers)
The Romans conceived of the all-encompassing … law of nature as the eternal framework to which constitutions, laws, and policies should conform – the constitution of the universe
The theoretical foundations of modern … were laid down in the great works on the social contract
English philosophers Thomas Hobbes and John Locke in the 17th century and the French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau in the 18th contributed to the theory of … contract
A … is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue
The basic law of the state, which describes the structures and processes of government and the fundamental rights of citizens in a higher law that cannot be unilaterally changed by an ordinary legislative act is called the …
Social … theory says that people live together in society in accordance with an agreement that establishes moral and political rules of behavior
A formal and organized choice by vote of a person for a political office or other position is called an …
A … government is one whose powers have been adapted to the interests of its people and to the maintenance of individual liberty
A constitutional … is a government in which the people vote for representatives or laws, and in which the laws are authorized and constrained by a constitution
The … of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America
Arrange modern constitutions chronologically (consider the date of their adoption):
Match the words with the synonyms:
The Constitution is the supreme law of the country. Imagine if you were asked to create you student groups’ Constitution. What would it contain?
It is not correct that … factors are contributing to the difficulty in measuring drug-crime relationships
A … is a type of offense punishable under criminal law by less than 12 months in jail
Drug abuse and … are associated with drug-related crimes
Distributing a drug is …
If a dealer from Austria sells drugs to a buyer from the USA, it is called drug …
Many countries are affected by … addiction today
Under “biography” is meant each region of distribution of narcotic drugs has its own …
According to the specialists, the current level of drug addiction is …
The general trend concerning the narcotic drugs is that the main indicators of mortality fall to … people
In US law, a … is a crime punishable by a term of imprisonment of not less than one year or by the death penalty
There is a complex interconnection among drugs, alcohol, violence, and … behavior
Drug-related crimes consist of crimes to possess, …, or distribute drugs classified as having a potential for abuse
It’s obvious that drug … and drinking can also lead to violent behavior that is not reported and never makes it into the criminal justice system
In case people use chemicals or distribute them, they might be prosecuted by the government and sent to …
Medications or pharmaceuticals are also … and are regulated differently dependent on their level of health risk
The first international treaty to control substances was adopted at the Brussels Conference in … in the context of the regulations against slave trade
One of the most significant acts in the area of drug trafficking is the UN Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances concluded at … in 1988.
The most effective anti-drug strategy that includes monitoring, detection and sorting, pursuit and apprehension is …
Match the words with their synonyms:
Arrange the following drug control treaties chronologically according to the date of their entry in force:
Study the following case: The defendant, having voluntarily consumed drugs, had the illusion of descending to the centre of the earth and being attacked by snakes. In his attempt to fight off these reptiles he struck the victim two blows on the head causing injuries to her brain. He claimed to have had no knowledge of what he was doing and no intention to harm her. What was the court’s decision?
The idea of written laws first appears in … culture
We can find he expression “An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth” in the …
… law deals with marriage and divorce
A number of principles of a formal and procedural character, addressing the way in which a community is governed comprises …
The main spheres of law are …
… is classified as private law
The body of rules, doctrines, and practices that govern the operation of political communities is …
Criminal law prosecutes activities which are …
A person who hears a case at court is called a …
The legal framework within which public administration is carried out is … law
A system of treaties and agreements between nations that governs how nations interact with other nations, citizens of other nations, and businesses of other nations is … law
Most rules of law have developed from the … that are known as a settled and accepted way of behavior in the defined circumstances
A legal … is the legal condition of a person who is required or forbidden by the law to perform an act
… is a scheme of social control that is represented by a combination of relations between several things
The law creates a … system including the system of the courts for mitigating controversies
An area of United States law that involves agreements between people, businesses, and groups is … law
Correlate the branch of law with regulated legal relationship:
Match the given expressions with the definitions:
Arrange the following areas of law chronologically according to their appearance:
Arrange the sources of law according to their importance (start with the least important):
… is usually connected with what is believed to be right or wrong, with human moral principles or values
Law creates not only …, but also justifications for people to behave in a certain way (lawful behaviour)
It is not correct that … belongs to terminal values
The forms of laws are …
The law operates in the … environment
… is the area of law that deals with agreements between people, businesses, and groups
Laws are binding for the members of the society because …
The laws are enforced according to their acceptance by …
… laws are statutory instruments made by local governments to regulate a broad range of issues within their communities
… is the estimated or appraised worth of any object or property, calculated in money
… is a comprehensive legal term that describes the condition of being actually or potentially subject to a legal obligation
… is the condition of being free of restraints, especially the ability to act without control or interference by another or by circumstance
… is firm adherence to a code of especially moral or artistic values
… values are usually mutual for different communities and could be described using the following characteristics – socially acceptable, right and wrong
… is concerned with human actions, and the choice of those actions, and evaluates those actions, and the values that underlie them
Although, there are values accepted by the whole community, there are also … values that may be specific
Match the given expressions with the definitions:
Attribute the following terms to the appropriate groups:
Arrange the needs according to Dr. Abraham Maslow starting with the highest ones:
Arrange the values according to the theory of values by Max Scheler starting from the basic values:
… are responsible for ensuring product safety and to control the protection of human rights
The functions of Rospotrebnadzor’s officials are to … (choose 2 correct answers)
If a warranty period is established for the goods, the buyer has the right to make claims related to the short delivery of the goods within …
Apart from Rospotrebnadzor, protection of … rights in Russia is also conducted by municipal authorities that review applications from consumers, give necessary consultations and apply to courts to protect consumers
There are voluntary … of consumers (generally formed as non-commercial enterprises) who also protect consumers
Rospotrebnadzor inspects products (works, services) as being in conformity with obligatory … ensuring safety towards consumers and environment as well as preventing harm and damages thereto
… and supervision of consumer protection by Rospotrebnadzor acting pursuant to its Regulations approved by Resolution of the Russian Government
The role of voluntary associations of consumers is to …
Under the Russian law, the state control and … of consumer protection as well as sanitary and epidemiological safety of the population is conducted by the Russian Federal Consumer Rights Protection and Human Health Control Service (Rospotrebnadzor)
In Russia rather than having a single product liability …, the relevant rules are scattered among various laws
The … Code and the Consumer Protection Law contain a number of provisions by which manufacturers may incur liability for loss or damage suffered by the consumers of their products
Strict liability is applied regardless of whether or not contractual relations exist. The test for whether ‘… information’ was supplied to a consumer is quite uncertain
Code of … Offences establishes liability for certain offences committed against a consumer, such as: selling goods and rendering works or services of improper quality
… is an organisation, regardless of the organisational-and-legal form thereof, or an individual businessman engaged in importing commodities for their subsequent sale
Product … is the ability of a product to be safe for intended use, as determined when evaluated against a set of established rules
Consumer … laws are designed to prevent businesses from engaging in fraud or unfair practices, to protect individuals from scam artists, and identity thieves and crooks
Match the words with their synonyms:
Match the words with their synonyms:
Arrange the actions according to the order in which the goods are returned:
Arrange the following legal acts chronologically:
The United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection, that were adopted in 1985 and revised in 1999, propose a list of objectives described as “legitimate …”
It is not correct that … is included in the guidelines for Consumer protection
A turning point in the Consumer Protection Legislation was the … Treaty, signed on February 7, 1992 and ratified by Law no. 454 of November 3, 1992 that transformed the European Community in European Union
A prominent growth in the individual associations took place in Europe in …
The purpose of a green paper of the European Commission of 2001 was …
The EU legislation provides for some consumer protection or regulates the power of national authorities to introduce consumer protection …
Consumer protection in the American legislation is implemented through …
Laws currently in force in England include …
The Consumer Code in Italy came into force on 23 October 2005 and has been a … body of law for the protection of consumer rights
The company that makes a particular brand of sneakers is an example of the … of the sneakers
… measures are referred to as acts or, in the case of bicameral legislatures, joint or concurrent resolutions of both houses
… is overall quality or character, that helps you to attract new customers and build customer loyalty
The individual associations remained weak until, in 1989, was created the … Consumers and Users Association which was attended by nine associations
The … Directive is the foundational legal framework for online services in the EU
A branch of the law that governs the horizontal relationships among private parties is … law
… flaw in goods (works, services) means a flaw that it is impossible to eliminate or a flaw which cannot be eliminated without spending an in commensurate outlays or time or which occurs repeatedly or which emerges again after it has been eliminated or other similar flaws
Put the steps of the consumer decision making process in the appropriate order:
evaluation of decision Arrange the following acts chronologically:
Match the words with the synonyms:
Match the given countries to the corresponding law systems:
The term “civil law” derives from the …
‘Ius civile’ applied to … citizens
Legal scholars have adapted the principles of ancient Roman law in the Corpus … to contemporary needs
Under the influence of Roman law, medieval scholars of Catholic church law, or canon law, …
By the late Middle Ages civil and canon laws were taught at most universities and formed the basis of a shared body of … thought common to most of Europe
The birth and evolution of the medieval … law tradition based on Roman law was thus integral to European legal development
The role of the local custom as a source of law became increasingly important because … (choose 2 correct answers)
The source of religious law is the …, legislating through the prophets
Law is made up of formulated legislation, including constitutions, statutes, treaties, … and codes; rules of law announced by the courts in deciding cases
… law is made by human beings, and one of its most famous examples – the US Constitution – begins with the words “We, the people…”
… laws are perceived to be eternal and immutable, while secular rules can be changed by their makers
In a religious legal … disputes are usually adjudicated by an officer of that religion, so the same person is both judge and priest
… law is also referred to as “primitive law”, “unwritten law”, “indigenous law”, and “folk law”
… are penalties or other means of enforcement used to provide incentives for obedience with the law, or with rules and regulations
It should be noted that there are three main sources of the law in the world: legislation, … or decisions of the higher court or custom
Though the … often brings the formal charges, investigates the matter, and decides on the case, he or she works within a framework established by a comprehensive, codified set of laws
Match the given countries to the corresponding law systems:
Match the words with their synonyms:
Arrange the milestone documents chronologically:
Arrange the milestone documents chronologically:
The Human Rights Act 1998 came into force in …
Human Rights are …
The United Nations (UN) defines discrimination as behavior that includes any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on … (choose 2 correct answers)
The United Nations has adopted … treaties in addition to the covenants in the International Bill of Human Rights
The dramatic changes in Eastern Europe, Africa, and Latin America since 1989 have powerfully demonstrated a surge in demand for respect of … rights
Amnesty International is a global movement of more than seven million people who are independent of any type of political ideology, religion or economic interest and who take … personally
It is not correct that … belongs to the core activities of Amnesty International
Civil Rights Defenders was established in …
Human Rights Watch has its headquarters in …
Human Rights Without … (HRWF) is an international non-profit organization that promotes respect for human rights around the globe and advocates for democracy, the rule of law and social justice
An international non-governmental organization focused on human rights, with its headquarters in the United Kingdom, is … International
An international nongovernmental organization that investigates and documents human rights violations and advocates for policies to prevent such abuses is Human Rights …
The term “law” denotes the body of rules and regulations that is the product of the … process
Originally … law was used by the merchants in Europe
An international organization that uses the medical and scientific tools to attract attention to severe human rights abuses and mass atrocities is … for Human Rights
Through …, the Civil Rights Defenders provides expertise and support to human rights defenders while holding those in power accountable for their actions
Arrange the documents chronologically:
Match the words with their synonyms:
Arrange the documents chronologically:
Match the following acts with their purposes:
The Constitution of the Russian Federation was adopted in …
The adoption of the Constitution was so important to Russia because …
The word “constitution” in Latin means …
A constitution guarantees …
Executive branch is represented by the … in Russia
The State Duma carries the main responsibility for … federal laws
Unlike most modern states, … does not have a codified constitution but an unwritten one formed of Acts of Parliament, court judgments and conventions
The theoretical foundations of modern … were laid down in the great works on the social contract
According to the Constitution there are 3 branches: …, executive and judiciary
The legislature is the Federal … of Russia, which consists of two chambers: the State Duma (the lower house) and the Federation Council (the upper house)
From a comparative perspective, British people have what is known as an ‘… constitution’, although some prefer to describe it as ‘uncodified’
British people certainly say that they have a …, but it is one that exists in an abstract sense, comprising a host of diverse laws, practices and conventions that have evolved over a long period of time
Another characteristic of the unwritten constitution is the special significance of political customs known as ‘…’, which oil the wheels of the relationship between the ancient institutions of state
Constitution guarantees citizens certain substantive and procedural … to which they deemed themselves entitled as subjects of the British crown under the ancient English common law
… rests upon popular participation in government, constitutionalism upon disclosure of and openness about the affairs of government
In US law, a … is a crime punishable by a term of imprisonment of not less than one year or by the death penalty
Arrange the documents chronologically:
Match the words with the definitions:
Arrange the documents chronologically (consider the date of their adoption):
Match the words with the synonyms:
Drug abuse and … are associated with drug-related crimes
In certain cases, drug use can be connected to crimes that only relate to drugs in an … way
Distributing a drug is …
… is a drug-defined crime (chose 2 correct answers)
There are those who feel that drug crime … is a serious drain on resources, and they worry that drug laws can create more crime than they stop by generating a black market
If a dealer from Austria sells drugs to a buyer from the USA, it is called drug …
Drug use is regarded as a real problem in many parts of the world, although the extent of the issue varies greatly depending on culture, access, and …
Many countries are affected by … addiction today
Organized … activities are activities such as money laundering and political corruption, in support of the drug trade
In certain cases, drug use can be connected to … that only relate to drugs in an indirect way
…crimes come in several different varieties, and the connections that exist between … and crime can sometimes be very nuanced and complex
Drug … is a global illicit trade involving the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of substances which are subject to drug prohibition laws
According to the statistics there are nearly 500,000 drugs … registered in Russia; however, experts suggest that the number is at least six times greater
According to researchers of scientists every 10th family has met the problem of drug …
Complex Measures to withstand abuse and illegal drugs …was worked out and successfully implemented by central and local authorities
The most widespread classification of drugs is according to the way they … the body, how they are used or where they are used
Match the words with the definitions:
Match the words with the definitions:
Arrange the following drug control treaties chronologically according to the date of their entry in force:
Arrange the first drug regulations chronologically according to the date of their entry in force:
Susan is an Asian-American. She wanted to continue her studies at a local public college but her application was rejected. Susan has grounds to suppose that it was because of her ethnic origin. She filed suit against the college. What law is applied in such a case?
The distinction between Public and Private Law is a purely academic debate, nevertheless, it also affects legal practice. There are areas of law, which may not fit into distinction of Public or Private Law. Study the following case: An employment inspector investigates workplace safety, checking all the equipment. The inspector investigates workplace incidents, and conducts workplace inspections to evaluate compliance. Decide whether it falls into the category of Public or Private law.
Mary had therapy sessions. She found out that the psychologist sent copies of her case notes to the insurance carrier responsible for reimbursement and that therapist should not have revealed this information. Client reported psychologist to the APA Ethics Committee for violating confidentiality principles. Psychologist explained to Ethics Committee that any client understands that their confidentiality may be breached when using an insurance company for third-party reimbursement due to administrative and professional peer review. Nonetheless, psychologist never informed client of this risk before therapy began, rather, he assumed client “must understand” the protocol. Think of the Ethics Committee adjudication.
Analyze the following case: Therapist sent a third billing notice to a slow-to- pay client’s fax machine in her office but client did not report to work that day. The bill was titled “psychological services rendered” and handwritten in large print was “Third Notice – OVERDUE!!” with client’s name. This notice sat in an open access mail tray of the busy office all day. Was is reasonable? Is it allowed to send private material in such a manner?
Rachel buys a commercial welding machine for her building business. A few weeks later, it breaks down. Can Rachel get a remedy from the store he bought it from?
Susan buys a cup of coffee and accidentally spills it at Kate’s bar. What must Kate do to fix the problem?
You are a lawyer. In Liza’s electronics shop in the Russia Federation Ivan buys an expensive TV-set. Three weeks after the 12-month manufacturer’s warranty expires, the TV-set stops working. Must Liza give Ivan a remedy?
Judy owns a clothing retail store. One of her customers returns a T-shirt because it doesn’t fit her. Does Judy have to give her customer a different size or a refund?
Meghan is an interior designer. A supplier installs a gondola incorrectly and it breaks a month later. Who must fix the problem?
Common-law legal systems place great value on deciding cases according to consistent principled rules, so that similar facts will yield similar and predictable outcomes, and observance of precedent is the mechanism by which that goal is attained. What is the guiding principle of Common-law legal systems? What is the idea behind?
Ben, who is 19 years old, applies for a job as a clerk in a goods store. The store manager is impressed with Ben’s speaking skills and says that he would like to hire him, subject to reference checks. Later, the manager calls Ben and says that he will not be hired. On checking his references with a former employer, the manager found out that Ben was convicted of careless driving. Has the store manager violated Ben’s human rights by refusing to hire him?
Stacy and several of her friends play in a women’s hockey league at the skate rink. Quite frequently, the male rink attendants don’t give them their full allotted ice time. The attendants make jokes on the women. Stacy thinks that their rights are violated. She has even complained but the manager has done nothing and supported men. Have the rink attendants violated the young women’s human rights?
Imagine that in 2024 you will be president of your country. What branch will you represent? What will be your powers?
The constitution is the main legal act of the State. It lays down the formation of a system of society and establishes the state structure, the order and justification of the idea of representatives, executive and judicial authorities, the electoral system, the rights and obligations of the state, society and citizens. Can it be argued that any constitution is the constitution of a state or society exclusively?
The defendant had voluntarily consumed drugs to calm his nerves. Under the influence of the drugs, he had started shooting in the cottage in which he had been living, but claimed to have been unable to remember anything after taking the drugs. The defendant was convicted of causing criminal damage being reckless as to whether life would be endangered, following the trial judge’s direction to the jury that self-induced intoxication was not available by way of defence to a basic intent crime. The defendant appealed. What is the Court’s decision?
The defendant decided to kill his sister. He bought a knife and a bottle of strong alcohol which he drank to give himself “Dutch Courage”. Then he killed his sister. He subsequently claimed that he was so drunk that he did not know what he was doing, or possibly even that the drink had brought on a latent psychopathic state so that he was insane at the time of the killing. What was the Court’s decision?